{"id":1182,"date":"2022-10-28T06:48:12","date_gmt":"2022-10-28T06:48:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/what-happened-in-536-humanitys-darkest-period\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T08:43:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T08:43:41","slug":"what-happened-in-536-humanitys-darkest-period","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/what-happened-in-536-humanitys-darkest-period\/","title":{"rendered":"What Happened in 536, Humanity&#8217;s Darkest Period"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">AD 536; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan insanl\u0131k tarihinin en zor y\u0131llar\u0131 olarak kabul edildi. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">O y\u0131llarda Ortado\u011fu, Avrupa ve Asya&#8217;n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini gizemli bir sis kaplad\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kaplayan sis, s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 1,5 ile 2,5 derece aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden oldu. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0130rlanda&#8217;dan \u00c7in&#8217;e kadar bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede insanlar aras\u0131nda k\u0131tl\u0131k, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yamyaml\u0131k vard\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00c7in&#8217;de yaz\u0131n kar ya\u011fd\u0131, ekinler dondu ve insanlar a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6ld\u00fc. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0130rlanda resmi belgelerine g\u00f6re 536 ile 539 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda insanlar yiyecek ekmek bulam\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu d\u00f6nem, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 karanl\u0131\u011fa kaplayan sis nedeniyle &#8220;karanl\u0131k d\u00f6nem&#8221; olarak da bilinir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">D\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn karanl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemde, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz bile karanl\u0131k vard\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Harvard \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nden orta\u00e7a\u011f tarih\u00e7isi ve arkeolog Michael McCormick; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">AD 536, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ya\u015famak i\u00e7in \u201cen k\u00f6t\u00fc y\u0131llardan biri, hatta en k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc olabilir\u201d. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">dedi. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Uzun so\u011fuk g\u00fcnlerin ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4349\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/karanlik-donem1-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/karanlik-donem1-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4349\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">AD 541; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131ndaki M\u0131s\u0131r&#8217;\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki Pelusium&#8217;da &#8220;H\u0131yarc\u0131kl\u0131 Veba&#8221; olarak bilinen salg\u0131n bir hastal\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Akdeniz&#8217;e yay\u0131lan salg\u0131n nedeniyle 100 milyondan fazla insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Olaydan sonra Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te biri ortadan kayboldu ve imparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-karanlik-donemde-olaylari-tetikleyen-sebep\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Karanl\u0131k \u00c7a\u011fda Olaylar\u0131 Tetikleyen Sebep<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Tarih\u00e7iler uzun y\u0131llar karanl\u0131k d\u00f6neme yol a\u00e7an olay\u0131n nedenini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan mahrum b\u0131rakan ve 18 ay boyunca devam eden gizemli sis perdesinin kayna\u011f\u0131 bilinmiyordu. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Michael McCormick; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">ABD, \u0130ngiltere ve Almanya&#8217;dan meslekta\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte bir ekip kurarak olay\u0131n nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Tak\u0131m; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0130svi\u00e7re Alpleri&#8217;nden al\u0131nan ve i\u00e7inde mikroskobik bilgiler bulunan 2 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k buz \u00e7ekirde\u011fini inceleyerek d\u00f6nem hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klamalar getirdi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4354\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/karanlik-donem2.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"841\" height=\"473\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/karanlik-donem2.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4354\" width=\"841\" height=\"473\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u0130ncelenen buz \u00e7ekirde\u011finin \u00e7e\u015fitli katmanlar\u0131nda korunmu\u015f toz, metal ve havadaki madde par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlendi. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, Avrupa&#8217;daki atmosferin nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fine dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Edinilen bilgilere g\u00f6re Karanl\u0131k D\u00f6nem&#8217;in ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda \u0130zlanda ve Kuzey Amerika&#8217;da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir volkanik patlama meydana geldi. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Volkanik patlaman\u0131n k\u00fclleri yay\u0131ld\u0131 ve kuzey yar\u0131mk\u00fcreyi korkun\u00e7 bir k\u00fcl ve sis tabakas\u0131yla kaplad\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Volkanik sis, so\u011fuk hava dalgas\u0131yla r\u00fczgarlar taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131narak \u00f6nce Avrupa&#8217;ya, ard\u0131ndan Asya&#8217;ya ula\u015ft\u0131 ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde uzun s\u00fcre etkili oldu. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">G\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen k\u00fcl tabakas\u0131n\u0131n iklim \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi oldu. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hava h\u0131zla so\u011fudu, bu da mahsul k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na neden olarak a\u00e7l\u0131k ve hastal\u0131k riskini tetikledi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4356\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/karanlik-donem6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"600\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/karanlik-donem6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4356\" width=\"840\" height=\"600\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h3><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">100 Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, 1540 ve 1547&#8217;de ba\u015fka bir b\u00fcy\u00fck volkanik patlama oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu patlama, Kuzey Yar\u0131mk\u00fcre&#8217;de so\u011fuk s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 550&#8217;ye kadar devam etmesine neden oldu. Ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k volkanik patlamalar hava kirlili\u011fine neden oldu ve g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek iklimi so\u011futtu. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan veba salg\u0131n\u0131, Avrupa&#8217;da ekonomik durgunluk ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlere neden olmu\u015f ve 100 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f d\u00f6nemine girmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu durumdan etkilenen Do\u011fu Roma, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu zay\u0131flama s\u00fcrecine girmi\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yol a\u00e7an olaylar\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ya\u015fanan olaylar Bizans tarih\u00e7isi Prokopius&#8217;un g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">&#8220;Bug\u00fcn 18. aya girdik, G\u00fcne\u015f hala D\u00fcnya&#8217;y\u0131 bir Ay I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar ayd\u0131nlat\u0131yor.&#8221; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">olarak tarif edilmektedir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">O zamanlar a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birlikte insanlar aras\u0131nda yamyaml\u0131k ba\u015flad\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bizans \u0130mparatoru B\u00fcy\u00fck J\u00fcstinyen tahta \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz bir kanun \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve yamyaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklad\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Alt\u0131n ve paran\u0131n hi\u00e7bir de\u011feri yoktu ve \u00f6nem kazanan \u015feyler kuru et, yumurta ve bu\u011fday gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdi. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">500&#8217;l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n madencili\u011finin yeniden canlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">640&#8217;l\u0131 y\u0131llara gelindi\u011finde Avrupa&#8217;da ekonomi canlanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve k\u0131ymetli maden ticareti \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4355\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/karanlik-donem3.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"841\" height=\"524\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/karanlik-donem3.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4355\" width=\"841\" height=\"524\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h5><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Payla\u015fmak<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>AD 536; Bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan insanl\u0131k tarihinin en zor y\u0131llar\u0131 olarak kabul edildi. O y\u0131llarda Ortado\u011fu, Avrupa ve Asya&#8217;n\u0131n baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerini gizemli bir sis kaplad\u0131. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc kaplayan sis, s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n 1,5 ile 2,5 derece aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden oldu. \u0130rlanda&#8217;dan \u00c7in&#8217;e kadar bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede insanlar aras\u0131nda k\u0131tl\u0131k, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve yamyaml\u0131k vard\u0131. \u00c7in&#8217;de yaz\u0131n kar ya\u011fd\u0131, ekinler dondu &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[39],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-what"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1182\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}