{"id":1200,"date":"2022-11-02T20:44:47","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T20:44:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/who-is-hammurabi-what-are-the-laws-of-hammurabi\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T08:43:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T08:43:27","slug":"who-is-hammurabi-what-are-the-laws-of-hammurabi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/who-is-hammurabi-what-are-the-laws-of-hammurabi\/","title":{"rendered":"Who is Hammurabi?  What Are the Laws of Hammurabi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hammurabi; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">M\u00d6 1792&#8217;den M\u00d6 1750&#8217;ye kadar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren ilk Babil Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 kral\u0131yd\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hammurabi, kanunlar\u0131n temeli say\u0131labilecek ve kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi &#8220;Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131&#8221; ile an\u0131lan bir cezaland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu yasalar, kat\u0131 kurallardan olu\u015fan tarihin en ac\u0131mas\u0131z yasalar\u0131ndan biridir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Mezopotamya b\u00f6lgesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kanunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;da da uyguland\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00d6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere bu yasalara &#8220;Tanr\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Kanunlar\u0131&#8221; ad\u0131 verildi.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve bask\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fi ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan Hammurabi, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan itibaren krallar\u0131n e\u011fitimini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">E\u011fitimi \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131, matematik, fizik, astroloji, astronomi, co\u011frafya, siyaset bilimi ve yemek pi\u015firmeyi i\u00e7erir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Kral olduktan sonra da bu e\u011fitimleri geli\u015ftirmeye devam etti. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Kanunlar\u0131n\u0131 stel \u00fczerine \u00e7ivi yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve halk\u0131n g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi merkezi bir yere diktirmi\u015ftir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bug\u00fcn bu stel Fransa&#8217;daki Louvre M\u00fczesi&#8217;nde sergilenmektedir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir yasa koyucu olarak \u00fcn\u00fcnden dolay\u0131, Hammurabi&#8217;nin tasviri bir\u00e7ok ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmet binas\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hammurabi, ABD Capitol&#8217;deki ABD Temsilciler Meclisi odas\u0131nda mermer kabartmalarda tasvir edilen 23 yasa koyucudan biridir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4402\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/hammurabi4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"700\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/hammurabi4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4402\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"h-hammurabi-kanunlarinin-ozellikleri\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zellikleri<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Mezopotamya&#8217;da medeniyetin temelleri M\u00d6 6 binden itibaren at\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;ndan \u00f6nce b\u00f6lgede S\u00fcmerler, Akadlar, Asurlar bulunmu\u015ftur. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">D\u00fcnya medeniyetinin temellerini atan <\/span><\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/dunya-duzeninin-temellerini-atan-sumerler\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">S\u00fcmerler<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Mezopotamya&#8217;dan sonra tek h\u00fck\u00fcmdar Akadlar olmu\u015ftur. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Daha sonra b\u00f6lgeye Asurlular, Medler, \u0130skitler, Kimmerler ve Babilliler hakim oldu. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Babil kral\u0131 Hammurabi, saltanat\u0131 boyunca t\u00fcm Mezopotamya&#8217;ya hakim oldu. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">S\u00fcmer yasalar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, onun yasalar\u0131 bedensel cezaya daha fazla vurgu yapan ilkler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu nedenle Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131 &#8220;g\u00f6ze g\u00f6z, di\u015fe di\u015f&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hammurabi, bu yasalar\u0131 Adalet Tanr\u0131s\u0131 \u015eama\u015f&#8217;tan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Kanunlar\u0131, her su\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel cezalar \u00f6ng\u00f6ren ve bir masumiyet karinesi arayan ilk ki\u015filer aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Kanunlar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cezalar son derece a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan ki\u015finin haklar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterildi. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu yasalar Tevrat&#8217;taki &#8220;Musa&#8217;n\u0131n Kanunlar\u0131&#8221;na benzer. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hammurabi, ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bir tanr\u0131 olarak kabul edildi. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ayr\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, onu Babil&#8217;in ulusal Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Marduk&#8217;a sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye zorlayan b\u00fcy\u00fck fatih olarak an\u0131ld\u0131. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Zamanla, ideal yasa koyucu olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131 ve bu unvan askeri ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce geldi. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Babil imparatorlu\u011fu \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fckten sonra bile, \u00f6rnek bir h\u00fck\u00fcmdar olarak sayg\u0131 g\u00f6rmeye devam etti. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hatta Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu&#8217;daki bir\u00e7ok kral Hammurabi&#8217;nin onlar\u0131n atas\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia etti.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4403\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/hammurabi2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"536\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/hammurabi2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4403\" width=\"840\" height=\"536\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca, Hammurabi&#8217;nin yasalar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu olmu\u015f ve tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda arkeologlar taraf\u0131ndan yeniden ke\u015ffedilen Hammurabi, o zamandan beri hukuk tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir fig\u00fcr olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Kanunlar ve kutsal kitaptaki metinler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki uzun s\u00fcredir tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hatta Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n eski Ahit&#8217;teki Musa&#8217;n\u0131n kanunlar\u0131ndan do\u011frudan kopyaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bile ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131n\u0131n Baz\u0131 Maddeleri<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu stelde, Babil Adalet Tanr\u0131s\u0131 \u015eama\u015f&#8217;\u0131 tasvir eden bir kabartma vard\u0131r. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">M\u00d6 1760 civar\u0131nda Mezopotamya&#8217;da Babil \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yasalar, tarihin en eski ve en iyi korunmu\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 yasalar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Toplam 282 maddeden olu\u015fan bu kanunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir kimse h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131ysa, \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu \u015fekilde cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve tam olarak h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yere g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir yerde \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n sonucu yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye gelenlerden biri, yang\u0131ndan sahibinin mal\u0131n\u0131 almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan ki\u015fi, ate\u015fe at\u0131larak idam edilir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Birisi isteyerek veya istemeyerek birinin g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rsa, o ki\u015finin de g\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir tap\u0131naktan veya krall\u0131ktan h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k yapan ki\u015fi \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir o\u011ful herhangi bir nedenle babas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6verse, iki eli de kesilir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir ki\u015fi ba\u015fka bir ki\u015finin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlarsa, o ki\u015finin \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de k\u0131s\u0131tlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir erkek bir kad\u0131na tecav\u00fcz ederse, erkeklikle cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Erkek, kendisine \u00e7ocuk veren kad\u0131ndan veya \u00e7ocuk veren kad\u0131ndan ayr\u0131lmak isterse, \u00e7eyizi kar\u0131s\u0131na geri verir ve tarlay\u0131, bah\u00e7eyi ve mal\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kullanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 verir. b\u00f6ylece \u00e7ocuklara bakabilir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcrken, \u00e7ocuklara verilenden kendisine bir pay, o\u011flan\u0131nkine de bir pay verilir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bundan sonra kalbinin erke\u011fi ile evlenebilir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir erkek bir kad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve o kad\u0131n ona hizmet eder ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na bakarsa; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">ancak, erkek yine de ba\u015fka bir kad\u0131n\u0131 almak isterse, buna izin verilmez; <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu adam ikinci bir kad\u0131n alamaz.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir adam bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu evlat edinir ve ona o\u011ful ad\u0131n\u0131 verir ve onu beslerse, bu yeti\u015fkin \u00e7ocuk asla geri istenemez.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir ki\u015fi kendisi ile ayn\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131ftaki bir ki\u015finin di\u015fine zarar verirse onun di\u015fi de \u00e7ekilir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bir ki\u015fi kendisinden daha alt s\u0131n\u0131ftaki bir ki\u015finin di\u015flerine zarar verirse 166 gr. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f \u00f6der.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Birini su\u00e7layan\u0131n ispat etmesi gerekir. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bunu kan\u0131tlayamazsa, \u00f6l\u00fcme mahkum edilecek.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4404\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/hammurabi1.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"558\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/hammurabi1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4404\" width=\"840\" height=\"558\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h5><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Payla\u015fmak<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hammurabi; M\u00d6 1792&#8217;den M\u00d6 1750&#8217;ye kadar h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren ilk Babil Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n alt\u0131nc\u0131 kral\u0131yd\u0131. Hammurabi, kanunlar\u0131n temeli say\u0131labilecek ve kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi &#8220;Hammurabi Kanunlar\u0131&#8221; ile an\u0131lan bir cezaland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemini uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yasalar, kat\u0131 kurallardan olu\u015fan tarihin en ac\u0131mas\u0131z yasalar\u0131ndan biridir. Mezopotamya b\u00f6lgesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan kanunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Anadolu&#8217;da da uyguland\u0131. \u00d6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-when"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1200"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1200\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}