{"id":1641,"date":"2023-01-13T11:02:52","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/emir-timur-who-gave-the-ottoman-empire-the-age-of-interregnum\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T08:38:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T08:38:43","slug":"emir-timur-who-gave-the-ottoman-empire-the-age-of-interregnum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/emir-timur-who-gave-the-ottoman-empire-the-age-of-interregnum\/","title":{"rendered":"Emir Timur, who gave the Ottoman Empire the Age of Interregnum"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><strong>Timur, a soldier and commander of Turkish-Mongol origin, is among the important military and political leaders in history.  Timur established a great empire by dominating many settlements during his reign.  His soldiers are claimed to have killed 17 million people in the 14th century.  This figure corresponds to 5 percent of the world population of that period.  While Timur destroyed the cities in the places he conquered, he also built the city of Samarkand.  He was remembered as a ruthless conqueror thanks to the people he killed, but he introduced himself as the &#8220;Sword of Islam&#8221;.  Timur weakened the Ottoman Empire by defeating Yildirim Bayezid, the sultan of the Ottoman State in the process of being established, in the Battle of Ankara, which took place in 1402.  The Ottoman Empire entered the Interregnum, which was a stagnant period that lasted for 11 years.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Timur was called Timurlenk in Persian and Aksak Timur in Turkish because he walked with a limp on his right foot.  With his expeditions since 1370, he conquered today&#8217;s Central Asia, Russia, Iran, India, Afghanistan, Caucasus, Middle East and Anatolia regions.  The depictions of his campaigns and victories have survived to the present day with the works written in his time.  Due to the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, Timur was not loved in Turkish history and was hated for centuries.  However, Timur was a Turkish-speaking Turkish ruler and built a civilization based in Samarkand.  Other Turkish states, which were founded by their descendants and ruled for centuries, brought this civilization to the top.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"676\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5661\" data-lazy-=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/timur1.jpeg\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"676\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/timur1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5661\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"h-emir-timur-un-hayati\">The Life of Emir Timur<\/h3>\n<p>Timur;  He was born in Ke\u015f city of Uzbekistan on April 8, 1336. His father is Turagay, the leader of the Barlas tribe, and his mother is Tekine Hatun.  Although Timur was originally of Mongolian origin, the Barlas tribe was considered a Turkish tribe and was affiliated to the Chagatay Khanate at that time.  mongols <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/dunyanin-en-buyuk-ve-acimasiz-hukumdari-cengiz-han\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Genghis Khan&#8217;<\/a><\/strong>Three generations later, it became Muslim and mixed with the Turks.  Timur showed himself as a military leader who took control of the west of the Chagatai Khanate in 1370 and went down in history as the founder of the Timurid Empire.<\/p>\n<p>When Timur was 25 years old, his father died in 1360 and his uncle, Hac\u0131 Barlas, took his place temporarily.  However, Hac\u0131 Barlas was killed shortly after in 1361.  Timur fled after \u00c7a\u011fatay Khan gave the order to kill him.  Together with his wife and best friend, Emir H\u00fcseyin, he had to make a living by cutting roads, stealing and mercenary in the deserts.  In fact, they were captured at that time and imprisoned for 2 months in a barn full of insects.  He got the nickname Timurlenk, which means Aksak Timur, as a result of his arm and leg injuries after these events.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5663\" data-lazy-=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/timur3-1024x680.jpg\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/timur3-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5663\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>After recovering, Timur and H\u00fcseyin went to the Transoxiana region.  At that time, he started to become famous with the ingenious tactics of his own invention, which he used on the battlefield both to maintain his own glory and to seize Transoxiana.  He captured several important cities, but failed to declare himself Khan.  because <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/bozkir-kanunlari-olarak-bilinen-cengiz-han-yasalari\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Genghis Khan&#8217;s laws<\/a><\/strong>  According to this, only a descendant of Genghis can be a Khan.  For this reason, he started to use the title of Emir and carried an inn, a descendant of Genghis, with him.<\/p>\n<p>Timur is the ruler who gave all of today&#8217;s Asia its final shape.  He fell ill while on his way to China and died at the age of 68 in his tent in 1405 in the Otrar region of Kazakhstan.  His body was brought to Samarkand and buried in the burial chamber under the &#8220;Gur-\u0131 Emir&#8221; tomb, which he had built for his grandson, Muhammed Sultan Mirza, who had passed away before.  The tomb was built in the form of &#8220;z\u00eer-i zem\u00een&#8221; according to the old Turkish grave tradition, that is, it was buried under the burial ground.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5662\" data-lazy-=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/timurun-turbesi-1024x683.jpg\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/timurun-turbesi-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5662\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h3>Timur&#8217;s Brutal War Tactics<\/h3>\n<p>The secret of Emir Timur&#8217;s success is that, besides being a good leader, he does his work with great cunning and politics.  He established a highly developed intelligence agency, mapped the countries he would travel to in detail, and brought the internal conflicts in that country to the highest level.  Many cities surrendered before Timur attacked because of the fear he spread in the countries he was going to expedition to.  For example, in a single day in India, 100,000 civilians were beheaded.  When Timur took Delhi, the capital of India, the Indians had armies of 125 elephants.  Searching for a solution against elephants, Timur found an interesting but terrible remedy.  He tied hundreds of camels together, set them on fire and set them on the elephants.  The frightened elephants came back and crushed the Indian soldiers.  Timur had towers built from the heads of civilian Hindus who rebelled against him and attacked his soldiers.  At the same time, he provided the spread of Islam in India with Indian expeditions.  He expelled the Christian missionaries and prevented the spread of Christianity in the region.<\/p>\n<p>In Isfahan, one of the important cities of the Islamic geography, the people surrendered.  However, when Timur&#8217;s soldiers began to harass the women, the people lynched 3,000 of Timur&#8217;s men.  Thereupon, Timur cut the heads of hundreds of thousands of Isfahan people, put thousands of them alive in mortar and made materials for the buildings.  In Aleppo, which is on the borders of today&#8217;s Syria, when the people resisted, Timur had tables set up in the city and made it mandatory for each soldier to come with 2 heads.  In fact, some soldiers, who could not do this to a Muslim people like themselves, bought heads from other soldiers with money.  These heads are arranged in the form of towers at the visible points of the city.  Some sources say that Timur ordered every soldier to bring a human head to him in Baghdad, and he had 120 towers built out of the approximately 100 thousand skulls brought.  It is said that at that time, red blood flowed from the river in the city.  Timur made all his massacres in accordance with the steppe laws set by Genghis Khan.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"591\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5664\" data-lazy-=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/timur4-1024x591.jpg\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"591\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/timur4-1024x591.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5664\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h3>Timur&#8217;s Anatolian Campaign and the Battle of Ankara<\/h3>\n<p>The most important of Timur&#8217;s Anatolian expeditions is the Ankara war.  The Battle of Ankara took place in Ankara in 1402, between Timur and Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, close to the \u00c7ubuk Plain.  Before the war, Timur sent four letters to Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid, and Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid replied to him with four letters.  However, these correspondences could not prevent the war.  Timur was the winner of the war and Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Bayezid was taken prisoner.  After the Ankara War, the Ottoman Empire entered the Interregnum, which lasted 11 years.  Historians accused Timur of having his brother armies against each other.  However, in the correspondence it is told that Timur made an effort not to start the war, and Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m made an effort to start the war.<\/p>\n<p>Timur knew the Anatolian geography very well.  Because he had mapped every stream, every stream and every pass.  Beyaz\u0131t followed Timur, but he was always ahead.  He kept all the water resources and plundered Anatolia.  Among the soldiers defending the Sivas castle, 4 thousand Armenian archers inflicted great damage on Timur&#8217;s troops.  Timur, on the other hand, buried the Armenian archers alive when Sivas surrendered because he promised not to shed blood.  Timur came to Izmir, which was in the hands of the Hospitalier knights, and took Izmir from them in 15 days and presented it to the Turkish world.  He had a tower built by beheading thousands of knights.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5665\" data-lazy-=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ankara-1024x576.jpg\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/ankara-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5665\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p>In 1402, two armies came face to face in Ankara \u00c7ubuk plain.  The Ottoman army has between 40-50 thousand soldiers.  Timur&#8217;s army, on the other hand, was completely horse-drawn and consisted of Karatatar, Kipchak Turks, Mongolian soldiers and Turkmen cavalry.  There are also 15 elephants in the army from India.  At that time, the two most powerful names in the world came face to face, but the Ottoman army dispersed in a short time in front of Timur.  During the battle, many Ottoman soldiers went to Timur&#8217;s side.  Only with their Rumelian and Serbian allies, the Janissaries fought to the end by Beyaz\u0131t&#8217;s side.  Finally, Sultan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t was captured by Timur near the battlefield.<\/p>\n<p>Emir Timur treated Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t not as a prisoner, but as a sovereign.  In some sources, it is written that he was carried in a cage, but not in a cage, but in a wooden car with iron bars used by the Sovereigns.  After a while, Beyaz\u0131t died.  Some sources claim that he committed suicide by drinking poison, and some sources claim that he died for other reasons.  The name of the commander of the elephants in Timur&#8217;s army is \u0130senbu\u011fa.  It changed over time and became &#8220;Esenbo\u011fa&#8221; and its name was given to Esenbo\u011fa Airport in Ankara.  As a result of this war, the Ottoman Empire entered an 11-year Interregnum without internal turmoil and administration.  This Interregnum period continued until Sultan Mehmet \u00c7elebi achieved unity.  The transition of the Ottoman Empire from state to empire and the Conquest of Istanbul were delayed for 50 years.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5666\" data-lazy-=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/beyazit-1024x576.jpg\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/beyazit-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5666\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h5>Share<\/h5>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Timur, a soldier and commander of Turkish-Mongol origin, is among the important military and political leaders in history. Timur established a great empire by dominating many settlements during his reign. His soldiers are claimed to have killed 17 million people in the 14th century. This figure corresponds to 5 percent of the world population of &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1642,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[1409,1404,1408,1406,1410,1407,1405],"class_list":["post-1641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-age","tag-emir","tag-empire","tag-gave","tag-interregnum","tag-ottoman","tag-timur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1641"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1641\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1642"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}