{"id":4555,"date":"2026-02-12T13:36:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T13:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/the-silent-giant-under-the-amazon-the-scientific-story-of-the-hamza-river\/"},"modified":"2026-03-31T06:19:00","modified_gmt":"2026-03-31T06:19:00","slug":"the-silent-giant-under-the-amazon-the-scientific-story-of-the-hamza-river","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/the-silent-giant-under-the-amazon-the-scientific-story-of-the-hamza-river\/","title":{"rendered":"The Silent Giant Under the Amazon: The Scientific Story of the Hamza River"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Amazon Nehri, uzunlu\u011fu ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 su miktar\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en muhte\u015fem y\u00fczey ak\u0131\u015f sistemlerinden biridir. Ancak 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir a\u00e7\u0131klama, bu dev nehrin alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen ikinci bir su sisteminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etti. &#8220;Hamza Nehri&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu olu\u015fum, klasik anlamda bir yeralt\u0131 nehri de\u011fildir; Amazon Havzas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 kilometre alt\u0131nda, g\u00f6zenekli tortul kaya\u00e7lar aras\u0131ndan son derece yava\u015f hareket eden devasa bir yeralt\u0131 su ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ke\u015ffi, Rio de Janeiro&#8217;daki Brezilya Jeofizik Derne\u011fi toplant\u0131s\u0131nda duyuruldu ve jeoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda dikkat \u00e7ekti. Resmi olmayan ad\u0131, b\u00f6lgede k\u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131dan geliyor. <\/span><\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Brezilya Ulusal G\u00f6zlemevi,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Hintli jeofizik\u00e7i Valiya Mannathal Hamza&#8217;n\u0131n onuruna adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><noscript><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17683\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hamza sistemi,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Brezilya ve Peru boyunca yakla\u015f\u0131k 6.000 kilometre uzan\u0131r; And Da\u011flar\u0131&#8217;ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p Atlantik Okyanusu&#8217;na do\u011fru ilerler. Y\u00fczeyde Amazon Nehri&#8217;ne neredeyse paralel bir rota izler, ancak tamamen farkl\u0131 fiziksel \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir. Amazon ortalama saniyede 2 metre h\u0131zla akarken, Hamza&#8217;daki su hareketi saniyede 1 milimetreden azd\u0131r; ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, y\u0131lda sadece birka\u00e7 metre ilerler.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bu nedenle, do\u011frudan g\u00f6zlemlemek son derece zordur. Bildirilen yakla\u015f\u0131k 3.000 metrek\u00fcp\/saniye ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, Amazon&#8217;un ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %3&#8217;\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte, geni\u015fli\u011fi 200 ila 400 kilometre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte olup, Amazon&#8217;un y\u00fczeydeki geni\u015fli\u011fini a\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ancak bu geni\u015flik, a\u00e7\u0131k bir su kanal\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez, aksine suyla doymu\u015f devasa bir tortul havza anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17687\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1367\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1367\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi8.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17687\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Jeolojik Arka Plan ve Olu\u015fum Mekanizmas\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hamza&#8217;n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Amazon Havzas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n karma\u015f\u0131k jeolojik yap\u0131s\u0131yla ili\u015fkilidir. B\u00f6lge, kal\u0131n tortul kaya katmanlar\u0131yla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu kayalar g\u00f6zenekli ve ge\u00e7irgendir; yani suyun derinlere s\u0131zmas\u0131na ve yatay olarak hareket etmesine izin verir. Kuzey s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki do\u011fu-bat\u0131 fay sistemleri ve baz\u0131 yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen karst topo\u011frafyas\u0131, havzaya su giri\u015finde rol oynam\u0131\u015f olabilir. Ge\u00e7irimsiz kaya katmanlar\u0131 belirli derinliklerde dikey ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131yorsa, havzan\u0131n bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya e\u011fimi suyun Atlantik&#8217;e do\u011fru y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine neden olur. Bu nedenle, Amazon y\u00fczeyde akarken, \u00e7ok daha derin ve \u00e7ok daha yava\u015f bir akifer sistemi benzer bir y\u00f6nde hareket eder.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hamza sistemi,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Meksika&#8217;daki Yucat\u00e1n Yar\u0131madas\u0131 veya Filipinler&#8217;deki Puerto Princesa Yeralt\u0131 Nehri gibi karst oyuklar\u0131nda akan klasik yeralt\u0131 nehirlerinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Karbonat kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesiyle olu\u015fan ma\u011fara sistemlerinde su, a\u00e7\u0131k kanallarda akar. Hamza&#8217;da belirgin bir t\u00fcnel veya ma\u011fara sistemi yoktur; su, tortul kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n mikroskobik bo\u015fluklar\u0131ndan s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan, daha do\u011fru tan\u0131m\u0131 &#8220;derin b\u00f6lgesel yeralt\u0131 suyu ak\u0131\u015f\u0131&#8221;d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17684\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17684\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ke\u015fif S\u00fcreci ve Kullan\u0131lan Y\u00f6ntemler<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hamza&#8217;n\u0131n ke\u015ffi do\u011frudan su g\u00f6zlemiyle de\u011fil, dolayl\u0131 jeofizik verilerle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Petrobras taraf\u0131ndan 1970&#8217;ler ve 1980&#8217;lerde a\u00e7\u0131lan 241 terk edilmi\u015f petrol kuyusundan elde edilen s\u0131cakl\u0131k verileri analiz edilmi\u015ftir. Derinlik boyunca \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen anormal s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimleri, yaln\u0131zca kararl\u0131 kaya yap\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanamayan \u0131s\u0131 transferini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu, derinliklerde yava\u015f ama s\u00fcrekli bir su hareketinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. Sismik verilerle birle\u015ftirilen hesaplamalar, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir akifer sisteminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 desteklemi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ancak, son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131, do\u011frudan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm ve g\u00f6zlemi zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Hamza&#8217;n\u0131n kendisi de &#8220;nehir&#8221; teriminin geleneksel anlamda de\u011fil, daha genel ve mecazi bir tan\u0131m olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Nitekim, ilk bilimsel sunumda &#8220;nehir&#8221; kelimesi t\u0131rnak i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgular 2011&#8217;deki kongrede payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa da, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma o zamana kadar hakemli bir dergide hen\u00fcz yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6n preliminary oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17685\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi3-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"681\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi3-1024x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17685\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bilimsel Tart\u0131\u015fmalar ve G\u00fcncel De\u011ferlendirme<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hamsa sistemi,<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ilgi uyand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olsa da, terminolojiyle ilgili tart\u0131\u015fmalar devam etmektedir. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, belirgin bir kanal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in &#8220;nehir&#8221; teriminin yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 olabilece\u011fini savunmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yerine, &#8220;derin akifer ak\u0131\u015f\u0131&#8221; veya &#8220;b\u00f6lgesel yeralt\u0131 suyu sistemi&#8221; gibi kavramlar\u0131n daha do\u011fru oldu\u011fu \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bununla birlikte, y\u00fczeyde Amazon Nehri ile neredeyse paralel bir rota izleyerek, iki farkl\u0131 kabuk seviyesinde akan ikiz bir drenaj sisteminin jeolojik olarak al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k bir \u00f6rne\u011fini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hamza&#8217;n\u0131n suyu y\u00fcksek tuz i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip ve ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 son derece yava\u015f. Bu nedenle, Amazon&#8217;un Atlantik&#8217;e ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 tatl\u0131 su miktar\u0131n\u0131n ana kayna\u011f\u0131 y\u00fczey ak\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, Hamza, k\u0131tasal \u00f6l\u00e7ekte derin yeralt\u0131 suyu sistemlerinin rol\u00fcn\u00fc anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnektir. Bu ke\u015fif, Amazon Havzas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n su d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sadece y\u00fczey nehirleriyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir; kabu\u011fun derinliklerinde karma\u015f\u0131k ve yava\u015f hareket eden bir hidrojeolojik a\u011f\u0131n var oldu\u011fu ortaya konmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-17686\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"850\" height=\"536\" data-lazy-=\"\" title=\"\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"536\" src=\"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Amazonun-Altindaki-Sessiz-Dev-Hamza-Nehrinin-Bilimsel-Hikayesi5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17686\" title=\"\"><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Hamza Nehri<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yap\u0131, pop\u00fcler anlat\u0131lardaki gibi karanl\u0131k bir ma\u011farada \u015fiddetle akan gizli bir nehir de\u011fildir. Amazon&#8217;un \u00e7ok alt\u0131nda, tortul kaya\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00f6zeneklerinden sab\u0131rla ilerleyen devasa bir yeralt\u0131 su sistemidir. Y\u00fczeydeki Amazon ile birlikte d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, D\u00fcnya kabu\u011funun farkl\u0131 seviyelerinde akan, ayr\u0131 ancak jeolojik olarak ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 iki drenaj yap\u0131s\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu, gezegenimizin su sistemlerinin ne kadar karma\u015f\u0131k ve \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlat\u0131r. Amazon&#8217;un g\u00f6rkemli y\u00fczey ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda, neredeyse sessiz bir derinlikte, k\u0131tasal \u00f6l\u00e7ekte i\u015fleyen ikinci bir su \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">WhatsApp grubumuza kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in <\/span><\/span><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/chat.whatsapp.com\/GcUb561wzz44AcjKoMQHY6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">TIKLAYIN!<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h5><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Payla\u015fmak<\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amazon Nehri, uzunlu\u011fu ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 su miktar\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en muhte\u015fem y\u00fczey ak\u0131\u015f sistemlerinden biridir. Ancak 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir a\u00e7\u0131klama, bu dev nehrin alt\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen ikinci bir su sisteminin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etti. &#8220;Hamza Nehri&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu olu\u015fum, klasik anlamda bir yeralt\u0131 nehri de\u011fildir; Amazon Havzas\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 kilometre alt\u0131nda, g\u00f6zenekli tortul kaya\u00e7lar &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[4120,5044,4847,1549,5047,5045,4891,2819,2470,2621,2641,4771,1330,5046],"class_list":["post-4555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-when","tag-amazon","tag-amazon-nehri","tag-bulus","tag-giant","tag-hamza","tag-hamza-nehri","tag-ilginc-bilgiler","tag-nasil","tag-nerede","tag-river","tag-scientific","tag-silent","tag-story","tag-yeralti-sulari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4555\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4556"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kasifiz.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}