Alamut Fedayeen, also known as the Assassins, known as the first assassins throughout history, are a religious sect and political organization. It was created when Hasan Sabbah, a cleric from the Ismaili sect, captured the historical Alamut Castle in 1090. This group aimed to overthrow the Great Seljuk State and end Turkish domination in Iranian lands.
Assassins, Hasan Sabbah under the leadership Alamut Castlecoming together in promise of heaven It is rumored that they are motivated by . While Hasan Sabbah draws attention with his intelligence and extraordinary way of thinking, another point claimed is that he Hundreds of followers under his commandis located. These bouncers have attracted the attention of all times as well as their period.
Origin of the Word Hashhashi
The origin of the word “Hashshashi” was a matter of debate in the Western world until the 19th century. According to the works of Silvestre de Sacy on 19 May 1809, in Western languages “conspirator” or “hit man” Words such as “assasini, assissini, heyssisini”, which have meanings such as and are seen in the earliest records of the Crusades, have their origins in Arabic. “poppy” It is based on the word. The plural of this word is words like “haşhaşiyyun, hashaşin”.
The word “poppy” means “dry grass” or “animal fodder” in Arabic. Later, the meaning of this word was associated with jute, which is known for its narcotic effect. Sabbahis or Assassins are a religious sect and political organization founded by Hasan bin Sabbah, a cleric from the Ismailiyya branch of the Shiite sect, when he captured the Alamut Castle in September 1090.
History of the Assassins
The history of the Assassins, Alamut CastleIt starts with the capture of . Hasan Sabbah, during his long missionary and efforts to gain people, Seljuk He searches for an unreachable place to fight against his powers. Ultimately, he decides on Alamut Castle during his activities in Deylem.
When Hasan Sabbah arrived in Alamut, he bought the castle from its previous owner. Alevi Mahdi It was under the control of a ruler named Zaydi-Alevi Dynasty descendant. Hasan managed to attract the people of the region and those living in Alamut to his side.
Sabbah was secretly taken to the castle on September 4, 1090. The ruler who previously held the castle had to leave the castle. According to Iranian historians, Hasan Sabbah gave Mahdi a promissory note worth three thousand gold dinars, and in this way Hasan Sabbah and the Assassins officially established their organization.
Assassins played an important role in the medieval Islamic world. Great Seljuk StateIn its heyday, its decline and Sencer, Berkyaruk with Muhammed Tapar They had a significant impact on the throne fights between them.
After the collapse of the Seljuk State, the Iranian Assassins continued to be influential and continued their existence until the Mongols captured Iran and Baghdad. However, their last leader Rükneddin Hür Shah Hulagu’Following the demands of the Mongols, Alamut Castle was evacuated in 1256, Lemeser Castle in 1258, and Girduh Castle in 1270, and all castles were destroyed by the Mongols. They experienced their political heyday during the reign of Rashid al-Din Sinan al-Ismaili and surrendered their castle to Baybars in 1273.
The Reason for the Deadly Acts of the Assassins
The sect led by Hasan Sabbah, its followers anesthetized with poppy in the castles he built in the mountains an artificial paradise created and influenced. The warriors felt like they were in a real paradise in these magnificent castles. However, after the effect of the poppy wore off, they were taught that they had to become assassins in order to reach this heavenly atmosphere again. BouncersIn line with the tasks assigned to them, they were sent to assassinate Seljuk leaders. It is even claimed that even the Seljuk viziers went up to them and killed them.
These bouncers were often lynched after carrying out an attack, and for this reason, they were first suicide bombers They can also be described as . The Assassins’ missions generally included assassinating prominent leaders in neighboring states and carrying out the orders of their own leaders. In this way, Assassins have been unusual and deadly throughout history They are known for their actions.
Alamut Castle, the Administrative Center of the Assassins
Alamut Castle, south of the Caspian Sea, Qazvin city of Iran It is a castle within the borders of which served as the administrative center of the Nizari-Ismaili State and the Assassins sect. literally “Eagle’s Nest” It is translated as . According to the rumor, it was built by Veşudan Ibn Cüstan, the king of the Custanids.
According to Abjad calculation “Elemut”, corresponds to the year 483 Hijri, which coincides with the period when Hasan Sabbah, the founder of the Assassins sect, captured the castle. Previously, Alamut Castle remained under the control of the Custanids until the conquest of Hasan bin Sabbah. However, after it was taken over by Hasan Sabbah, the castle became the center of the Assassins.
The Assassins lived on top of a steep cliff in the remote and inaccessible Alamut Castle. This castle was used by a sect leader such as Hasan Sabbah, who lived for 34 years and assassinated statesmen, rulers and religious leaders such as the Abbasids and the Great Seljuks. For this reason, Alamut Castle is historically important.
Alamut Castle was captured in 1256 by the Mongol army under the command of Hulagu Khan during the Baghdad Occupation in order to destroy the Assassins, and almost all Assassins were killed in the castle. The castle was greatly damaged and the famous library inside was also burned.
Old Man of the Mountain Hasan Sabbah
Hasan SabbahNizari-Ismaili State and Founder of the Assassin Fedai sect and is its first leader. He is the leader of an ancient esoteric and esoteric organization known as the Assassins, who lived during the Great Seljuk State. He was born in the city of Qom in Iran (1034-1124). He is one of the most mysterious people mentioned in history. He died in Alamut Castle on May 23, 1124. He represented a Shiite sect affiliated with the Ismailism sub-sect.
West “Old Man of the Mountain” The reason why he is called Alamut is because he captured the mountain castle called Alamut and lived in this castle for many years. Marco Polo It has been known in the West since its time. Hasan Sabbah has worked and been interested in many academic fields throughout his life. In addition to his religious and military leadership, he has experience in fields such as mathematics (especially geometry), astronomy and philosophy (especially epistemology).
When he went to the city of Rey with his family, he contacted the leaders of the Shiite faith and adopted Shiite Islam. In order to further his religious studies, he went to Cairo, where the Fatimids ruled. When he returned to Iran, he started to work in an important position in the Seljuk Turkish palace and served under the famous ruler Nizam al-Mulk.
The next part of his life is full of uncertainties. According to some rumors, Nizam al-Mulk, Omar Khayyam And Hasan Sabbah They were students at the same time and made an agreement that whoever rose the fastest would help the others. However, the truth of this legend has not been proven. It is known for certain that Hasan Sabbah started to organize after his intense religious studies and captured Alamut Castle and started using it as a center.
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