Eyfel Kulesi, Fransa’nın başkenti Paris’te bulunan ikonik bir anıttır. 324 metre yüksekliği ile Avrupa’nın en yüksek yapılarından biridir. Dünyanın en ünlü yapılarından biri olan Eyfel Kulesi, çeşitli özellikleriyle dikkat çekiyor. Özellikle ilk yapıldığında 20 yıl sonra sökülmesinin planlanması ilginç bir detay. Ayrıca kule yapımı sırasında birçok kişi tarafından absürt bulunmuş ve hatta yapımına karşı imza kampanyası açılmıştır. Günümüzde kule, güzel manzarası ve çeşitli aktiviteleri nedeniyle Avrupa’nın en popüler yapıları arasında yer almaktadır.
Eyfel Kulesi, 1887-1889 yılları arasında Gustave Eiffel tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Fransız Devrimi’nin 100. yılını kutlamak için düzenlenen Expo 1889 Paris Fuarı’nın giriş kapısı olarak kullanılmıştır. Fuar süresince ziyaretçilerin büyük ilgisini çeken kule, en önemli ve gösterişli yapılardan biri olarak kabul edildi. Önceki binalardan çok daha yüksek olması, o dönemde büyük bir sıçrama olarak kabul edilmiş ve dünya çapında ilgi uyandırmıştır. Fransa’nın güçlü ve başarılı bir ülke olduğunu göstermek için de kullanılır.
The Eiffel Tower has a wide variety of venues that include open-air platforms, performance halls, and a restaurant. Television transmitters at the top of the tower increase its height by another 27 meters. The building, which was occupied by the Nazis during the Second World War, played an important role in the rebuilding of France after the war. Since the Eiffel Tower is a very popular structure around the world, imitations of the Eiffel Tower have been made in many countries.
The Design and Features of the Eiffel Tower
The methods used by the tower’s designer, Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, while constructing the tower are quite interesting. During the construction of the Tower, Eiffel tried various methods and used the methods that gave the best results. For example, during the construction of the Tower, Eiffel used larger steel pieces to increase the strength of the structure as its height increased. Thanks to this, the tower became one of the tallest buildings of that time and is still among the tallest buildings today. The construction of the tower was made using the most advanced technological methods of that time, and therefore it was a very difficult and laborious task.
The Eiffel Tower was not designed by Gustave Eiffel, but by Stephen Sauvestre, on the order of Swiss Maurice Koechlin. Gustave Eiffel is the architect of the building. Koechlin and his colleague Emile Nouguier made their first designs together. The tower’s construction costs were quite high, but with 1.9 million visitors in the 5 months prior to its opening, more than half of the total cost had been removed by the end of the year.
The Eiffel Tower was built by 3,000 workers in a period of 26 months. 18,038 pieces of iron were put together with 2.5 million rivets. It is estimated that the Eiffel Tower weighs about 10 thousand tons. In addition, 7,300 tons of steel was spent during the construction of the tower. The tower’s iron expands under intense sun and contracts in cold weather. This changes the dimensions of the tower by 20 inches. Considering the total size, it is a value that cannot be understood with the naked eye.
The fact that there were no fatalities during the construction of the tower is an important achievement according to the conditions of that day. Thanks to this success, it was possible for the tower to reach the present day. The tower is painted with 60 tons of paint every 7 years. During this work, 25 painters work and the work lasts for 15 months. In addition, a total of 50 km of safety ropes and 20 thousand square meters of protective net are used for security purposes. After the tower was built, it witnessed more than 400 suicides. For this reason, iron bars were placed at the exit points of the platforms in order to prevent suicides.
The Construction Story of the Eiffel Tower
The Eiffel Tower had a very difficult time after its construction until it was accepted by Paris. The tower is seen by some as a magnificent piece of architecture, while by others it is portrayed as a disgrace. This is because the people of Paris were uncomfortable with the appearance of the tower. Some artists have suggested that the tower might look like a gigantic street lamp or a factory chimney that would tarnish the visual reputation of Paris. For this reason, a campaign on the tower was started and leaflets signed by famous artists were distributed. For example, the English poet William Morris spent most of his time under the Eiffel Tower, even when he thought it was ugly. To those who asked why he did this, his response was as follows; “This is the only place in big Paris where I haven’t seen this ugly pile of iron.” Turkish writers have also commented on the Eiffel Tower; While Nazım Hikmet likened Eiffel to a steel giraffe and Cemal Süreyya to A corset, Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu thought of marrying her with Galata Tower.
Eyfel Kulesi başlangıçta sadece 20 yıllığına inşa edilmiş ve 1909 yılında yıkılması planlanmıştır. Ancak kulenin iletişim için çok uygun yükseklikte olması ve iletişimi mümkün kıldığı için kalmasına izin verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda kule, radyo yayıncılığının gelişmesinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Kuledeki 27 metrelik radyo vericisi hala verici istasyonu olarak kullanılıyor. Ayrıca savaş sırasında sinyal kesici ve bozucu olarak da kullanılmıştır. Eyfel Kulesi, bugün dünyanın en güzel mimari yapılarından biri olarak kabul ediliyor ve Parisliler tarafından “Demir Leydi” olarak adlandırılıyor.
